sweeney



(No Muodel.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. M. ,SWEENEY LOCK.

No. 598,399. Patnted Feb. l., 1898. I

El-7 Z (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. MQSWBBNBY.

' LOCK.

-No. 598,399. Patented Feb. 1, 1898.

l Wam) if@ mg l ,1%

(NoModel.)

J. M. SWEENEY.

LOCK.

8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Feb. l, `1898.

WIT/VESSES TTOH/VEYS.

` doesnot extend to the other side.

PATENT I innen JAMES M. SWEENEY, OF SOMERVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS-` LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 598,399, Kelated February 1, 1898i.

Application filed February l2, 189'7. Serial No. 623,080. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern: j Be it known that I, J AMES M. SWEENEY, of Somerville, in the county of Middlesex` and State'y of Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Lock, of which -the following is a full, clear, and exact description. This invention relates to that class of locks in which acasing carries a sliding bolt normally retained by a series of tumblers movable by a specially-constructed key to release the bolt and permit the same to be shot.

The object of the invention is to provide a lock the bolt of which may be operated either by a key or by a latch.

Theinvention will be fully described hereinafter and defined in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this speciiication,

in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the iigures.

Figure 1 is a plan view of my invention, showing the casing with one of its sides removed and illustrating a form Vprovided with means for using both a latch and a key. Fig. 2 is a'front view of the exterior of the casing. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 and illustrating the form of my invention in whichmonly a key may be used. Fig. 4 is a sectional View on the line IV IV of Fig. 3. tional view on the line V V of Fig. 1. Figs. 6 to 9, both inclusive, are views illustrating various views of tumblers. Fig. 10illustrates a modified form of key, and Fig. 11 illustrates a spring for actuating the bolt.

The form of the lock shown in Figs. 1 and 5 has a latch by which the lock may be operated freely at one side of the door, but which For operating this other side of the lock I provide a key which is inserted through an opening in the casing toactuate the tumbler. The casing is rectangular in form and comprises a f rear side 12, a front side 12b, and edge walls 12C. Fixed` on the inner face of the rear side 12 are two cleats 13, which are longitudinally alined with each other and parallel with the lower edge wall 12c of the casing. This lower 1 edge wall 12c of the casin g and the cleats 13 form a guideway in which the bolt-frame is slidable. The bolt-frame has an upper run 14O parallel with a lower run 14a, the latterl formed with a rectangular indentation 14".

Fig. 5 is a sec-` The runs 14e and 14 are joined to each other by transverse runs 14c and 14d, to the latter of which the bolt proper, 14, is fixed.. The bolt 14 slides in an openingin the front edge wall 12C of the casing. As the bolt-frame slides between the 'cleats 13 and the lower edge wall'12c it draws the bolt 14 in and out of the casing, so as to engage or disengage the keeper `of the lock. (This keeper is not shown in the drawings.) Located just below the forward part of the cleat 13 and having a side parallel with the lower side of the cleat 13 is a block 15. 'Between this block 15 and the rcleat `13 the upper run 14c of the bolt-frame is slidable. `A tie-rod 15a passes through the block 15 and engages with the walls 12 and -12b of the casing to hold the saine together, the tie-rod l5 coacting with the usual tie-rods or screws at the four corners of the casing.

Projecting downward from the bolt-frame and at the forward portion of the indentation 14b is an arm 16, carrying a rearwardly-extending pin 17, which pin holds the front end of an expansive spring 18. The rear end of the spring 18 is held by a pin 19, projecting forwardlyfrom a standard 20, secured to the rear wall 12a of the casing. The spring 18, mounted as described, serves to press the bolt-frame and the bolt to the position shown in Fig. 1. When the bolt-frame is moved rearward, it is operated against the tension of thespring 18. l

j Mounted in the casin g and extendingtransversely between the sides 12a and 12b is a shaft 21, on which the tumblers Ot, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, ,j, and 7c are mounted. The tumblers aand 7c are duplicates of each other.

The tumbler 7.o is shown in full lines in Fig. 1 and has a shank 22, perforated to receive the vshaft 21 and having its lower edge inclined so as to coact with the wardof the latch-shank, as will be described hereinafter.- The main portions of the tumblers@ and 7c I have each a'shoulder 23 projecting downward therefrom and normally adapted to rest on the rear extremity of that portion of thelower run 14a of the bolt-frame, which portion forms the indentation 141.` This supports the tumblers a, and 7c in the position shown with reference to the tumbler lo in 'Fi-g. 1, so that the upwardly-projecting finger 24 of each tumbler will lie in a line directly beneath the line Y of the cleat 25, which is secured to the lower side of the run 14c of the bolt-frame and which moves with the bolt-frame. If either of the fingers 24 engage with the cleat 25, the bolt-frame 'will be locked with the tumbler carrying the engaged finger 24, and it will be impossible to shoot the bolt. The lower rear portion of each tumbler a and 7c has a curved edge 26, adapted to lie out of the path of the ward of an authorized key. However, should an unauthorized and improper key be used the edges 26 vwill be engaged by the ward of such improper key and the tumblers a and 79 will be raised to engage the fingers 24 with the cleat 25 and make it impossible to shoot the bolt.

The tumbler f is shown in plan view in Fig. 7 and has a shank, a finger 28, an arc-shaped rear edge 29, and a shoulder. 30. The shoulder 30 normally bears on the upwardly-extending portion 14bof the lower run 14n ofthe bolt-frame, while the finger 28 is in transverse alinement with the fingers 24, so that when the tumbler f is raised the finger 28 of the tumbler f is of such a disposition that the tumbler will not be engaged by the ward of a key which is authorized. However, should an improper key be turned in the lock this key will engage with the tumbler f and raise the same to lock the finger 28 with the cleat 25. All of the remaining tumblers 19,0, d, e, g, h, i, and j (types of which are shown in Figs. 6, 8, and 9) have downwardly-extending portions 31, each adapted to normally engage the rear face of theupwardly-extending portion of the run 14t of the bolt-frame, as shown in Fig. 1. When this engagement existsit will be impossible to move the bolt-frame rearward to withdraw the bolt from the keeper. When, however, the projections 31 and the bolt-frame are disengaged,the bolt-frame may move rearward.

Each tumbler l), c, d, e, g, h, t', and j has a rearwardly-projecting portion 32, adapted to be engaged by the ward of an authorized key, so that the tumblers will be raised and the projections 31 disengaged from the bolt-- frame. An unauthorized key, however, will not raise the tumblers b, c, d, e, g, h, z', andj, and it will be impossible to retract the boltframe. The tumblers b, c, d, 71,2', and j have fingers 33, adapted to engage with the cleat 25 when an unauthorized key is used. The tumblers e and g, according to the form of the invention here shown, have no fingers projecting upwardly to engage with the cleat 25. The generic feature of the tumblers a, f, and la is, therefore, that these tumblers do not normally have locking engagement with the bolt-frame and have fingers to extend upwardly to engage with the cleat 25 when the tumblers are operatedpby an unauthorized key. The generic feature of the tumblers c, d, e, g, h, i, and j is that they have projections extending downward to engage and hold the bolt-frame. These tumblers may or may not have fingers to engage the the casing has no key-opening, since it is not intended to use a key at the front side of the lock. The above description of the tumblers and the key discloses one of the many forms in which my invention may be embodied. It is obvious that the shape, the size, and relative dimensions 0f the tumblers and key may be changed to produce innumerable combinations, which will be different in every lock that is manufactured in practice. It is unnecessary for me to describe here these infinite variations, all of which are contemplated by my invention. It will also be advantageous to bevel the edges of the tumblers, which edges are engaged by the ward of the key, so as to prevent the ward from operating two tumblers in unison when such tumblers should not operate in unison.

The lower rear portion of the run 14e of the bolt-frame is provided with a downwardlyprojecting plate 37 the lower edge of which is formed with a notch adapted to receive the ward 35 of the key. The key is inserted through the opening 36. It is then turned tomove the tumblers in such a manner as to free the bolt-frame. Immediately upon this operation of the tumblers the ward of the key enters the notch in the plate 37 and slides the bolt-frame. Before the ward of the key has been moved to disengage the tumblers it will have effected such a movement of the bolt-frame as will prevent the projections 31 from rengagement with the transverse portion of the run 14a of the bolt-frame, since it will have placed theupper side of the indentation 14b beneath the projections 3l and cause the projections to slide along said upper portion of the indentation. The ward before it leaves the tumblers will also have moved the bolt-frame so as to place the cleat 25 over or rearward of the fingers 24 and 28, so that it will be impossible for these fingers to engage the cleat 25 and prevent the bolt from being completely withdrawn, as it will be by the immediately subsequent movement of the key.

It will be understood that when the form of the ward of the key is changed to accord with the changes in the tumblers the plate 37 must be also changed to properly coact with the key. Fig. 10 shows one of the changes in the form of the key-ward, in which event it will be necessary to provide two plates 37, respectively located adjacent to the front and rear walls of the lock-casing.

The lock is operative-at the front side by a knob 38, carried on a shank 39, journaled in IOO IIO

e keeper.

positions.

the Walls 12 and 12b of the Vlock-easing and running directly above the upper portion of the wallsof the indentation 14b in the boltframe. Carried at the upper side of the upper-portion of the walls of the indentation 14b are two racks 40, with which the pinions 41, carried on the shank 39, respectively engage. The turning of the shank 39 will therefore cause the bolt-frame to slide, soas to move the bolt in and out of the keeper. Itis intended that the turning of the knob 38 willV at allv times operate the bolt. It is necessary, therefore, to cause the turning of the shank 39 to raise the tumblers as well as operate the pinions 41. To raise the tu mblers, therefore, I provide the shank 39 with'a ward 42, adapted to engage the lower edges of the Shanks of the tumblers b, c, d, e, g, h, t', andy'.` Consequently when the shank 39 is turned the wards will raise the tumblers and at the same time will move the bolt-frame by the operation of the pinions 4l. The lower edges of the shanks of the tumblers above mentioned are curved to form inclined 'surfaces against which the ward 42 may move.

The form of the invention shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is in all essential respects the same as in Figs. 1 and 5. The only difference is the omission of the knob 38 and its appurtenant parts. In this form both the walls 12a and 12b have keyholes 43, so that the key may be inserted from either side of the lock.` The lock therefore can onlybe operated by the key.

In the' drawings I have shown the upper part A of the casing reserved for the reception of any suitable form of latch. This of course has nothing to do with my invention, but is only a matter for the mechanic in con` structing the lock.

The spring 18 will press the bolt-frame and its bolt continually to the position shown in Figs. 1 and 3. As soon, therefore, as the positive pressure of the latchor key Vis released the spring 18 will assert itself to project the bolt-frame and bolt to engagement with the keeper. This spring may be useful in some forms of the inventionl and not useful in others. It is useful in the form shown in Figs; 1 and 5, for, since the latch enables any one to operate the lock at any time, it is well to have a bolt continually engaged with the In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 3 and 4, however, it may sometimes be advantageous to substitute for the spring 18 the spring shown in Fig. 11, which consists in a resilient strip 44, fixed to the for- Ward edge Wall 12c of the lock-casing and hav` ing a bent free end 45, adapted to engage either with a recess 46 in the bolt-frame or with the lower front edge of the bolt-frame, so as to hold the bolt-frame in either of two Consequently when the key is inserted to move the bolt-frame, so that the lock will be disengaged from the keeper, the spring 44 will hold the bolt in this disengaged position. When the key is Areturned to en gageV the boltwith the keeper, the force of the spring is overcome by the positive pressure of the key and the bolt is moved out` ward, whereupon the bent end '45 of the spring enters' the recess 46 and prevents the bolt from being shaken out of the keeper. The upper run 14e of the bolt-frame is proe videdwith two recesses 47, adapted to be engaged by abolt 48, carried in a guideway 49, attached to the front wall 12b of the lock-casing. The front wall 12b has aslot 50 therein, through which the operating-pin 51 of the bolt 48 extends. The bolt 48 has two notches capable' of being engaged by a spring-keeper 52, carried by the guide 49.'V This keeper holds the bolt 48 in either of two positions;

" The bolt 48 may engage with either of the recesses 47. When'engaged with one recess, it holds the bolt-frame with its bolt 14 engaged with the keeper of the lock. A W'hen the bolt 48 is engagedwith the second recess 47, it holds the bolt-framev and its bolt 14 inward and in disengagement from the keeper of the lock.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent l l. The combination with acasing, of abolt slidable therein, a tumbler coacting with the bolt, a shank revolubly mounted within the casing, gearing sliding the bolt from the shank, and award carried by the shank and capable of operating the tumbler, substantially as described.

IOO

2. The combination with a casing, of a bolt slidable therein, a rack`carried on the bolt, a shank revolubly mounted adjacent to `the bolt, 'a pinion carried by the shank and engagscribed.

3. The combination with a casing, of a boltframe mounted to slide therein, the boltframe having an indentation at its lower portion, a rack carried by the upper wall of the indentation, a shank revolubly mounted within the casing at a point above the rack, a pinion carried by the shankand meshing with the rack, atumbler pivoted within the casing and engaging the bolt-frame, and a ward carried by the rack and capable of engaging the tumbler to operate t-he tumbler, substantially as described.

4. The combination with a lock-casing, of a bolt-frame'slidably mounted in the casing, the lower portion of the bolt-frame being formed with an indentation producing an interior shoulder, a tumbler mounted at its forward end on the casing, the said tumbler having a downwardlyextending portion at the rear of the pivot forming a shoulder adapted to normally engage with the said interior shoulder on the bolt`-fra1ne to hold the same, and means whereby the said tumbler IIO IZO

is disengaged from the bolt-frame and the bolt frame is moved, substantially as described.

5. A lock having a casing, a bolt slidable within the casing and having a skeleton frame comprising an upper and a lower run connected by end runs, the lower run being formed with an indentation producing an interior shoulder, a -tumbler inclosed by said bolt-frame and pivotally attached at its forward end to the casing, the said tumbler having a downward extension at the rear of the pivot adapted to engage the interior shoulder on the lower run of the bolt-frame to hold the bolt, and a spring located within the indentation at the lower portion of the bolt-frame and engaging the casing and bolt-frame, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a lock-casing, of a bolt slidable in the casing and having a skeleton frame, the lower portion of the boltframe being formed with an offset producing an interior shoulder, a tumbler pivotally mounted within the casing and inclosed by the bolt frame, said tumbler having a downwardly-extending portion normally engaging with the interior shoulder of the boltframe, and also having an upwardly-extending finger located opposite to the shoulder, a cleat extending downward from the upper ru n of the skeleton bolt-frame, and capable of being engaged by the said finger and a plate extending downward from the upper run of the bolt-frame at the rear of the said cleat, and located adjacent to the tumbler, as and for the purpose set forth.

7. Alockhavingatumblerpivotallymounted on the casing of the lock, a bolt having a skeleton frame inclosing the tumbler and normally engaged by the tumbler to hold the bolt in position, and a second tumbler also mounted on the casing of the lock and inclosed by the bolt-frame, the said second tumbler being normally out of locking engagement with. the bolt-frame and capable of being moved into engagement with the boltframe, substantially as described.

S. A lock having a series of tumblers pivotally mounted on the casing of the lock, a bolt having a skeleton frame inclosing the tumblers and normally engaged by said tumblers to hold the bolt in position, and a second series of tumblers also pivotally mounted on the casing of the lock and inclosed by the bolt-frame, the second series of tumblers normally resting loosely on the bolt-frame and out of locking engagement therewith, the said second series of tumblers being capable of being moved into engagement with the said bolt-frame, substantially as described.

9. The combination with a casing, of a boltframe slidably mounted therein, the said frame being formed with a shoulder, a tumbler pivotally mounted within the casing and inclosed by the said bolt-frame, the tumbler having a projection normally engaging with the shoulder of the frame-to hold the bolt in position, the said tumbler being also provided with a-inger, a cleat carried by the lframe and capable of being engaged by the iinger, and a second tumbler pivotally mounted within the casing and inclosed by the bolt-frame, the second tumbler normally resting loosely on the bolt-frame and out of engagement therewith and having a finger capable of being moved into the path of the said cleat, substantially as described.

10. The combination with a lock-casing, of a bolt slidable within the casing and having a skeleton frame, a tumbler pivotall y mounted within the casing and inclosed by the boltframe, the said tumbler having a downwardlyextending projection adapted to engage and hold the bolt-frame, and a second tumbler also pivotally mounted within the casing of the lock and normally out ot' locking engagement with the bolt-frame, the said tumbler having an upwardly-extending linger, capable of being moved into engagement with the bolt-frame, substantially as described.

11. The combination with a lock-casing, of a bolt slidable in the casing and having a skeleton frame, 'the said bolt-frame having a rectangular indentation at its lower portion producing an interior shoulder, a tumbler pivotally mounted within the casing and inclosed by the bolt-frame, said tumbler having a downwardlyextending projection arranged to engage the said interior shoulder of the bolt-frame, and a spring located within the rectangular indentation at the lower portion of the bolt-frame and connected to the casing and to the bolt-frame, substantially as described.

12. The combination with acasing7 of aboltframe slidable in the casing, the said frame being provided with a shoulder, a tumbler mounted within the casing and having a projection normally engaging with the shoulder of the frame to hold the bolt in position, a notched plate projecting from the bolt-frame and located adjacent to the said tumbler and adapted to be engaged by the instrument that moves the said tumbler, a cleat carried by the frame, and a second tumbler mounted within TOO IIO

the casing and normallyresting loosely on the bolt-frame, the said second tumbler having a finger capable of being moved into the path of the said cleat, substantially as described.

13. The combination with a lock-casing, of a tumbler mounted on the casing and formed with a projection, a bolt frame slidably mounted in the casing and normally engaged by said projection of the tumbler to hold the bolt in position, and a second tumbler also mounted on the casing of the lock, the second tumbler bein gnormally out of locking engagement with. the bolt-frame and having a projection capable of being moved into engagement with the bolt-frame, substantially as described.

14. The combination with a casing, of aboltframe slidably mounted in the casing, the

p the upper surface of the said indentation is 1o carried beneath the projection of the tumbler and rengagement of the said projection With the interior shoulder is prevented, substantially as described. i

JAMES M. SWEENEY. Vitnesses:

DANIEL E LEHAN, T. E. TOHNAY. 

